{
 "name": "Study Abroad Cost Index 2027",
 "publisher": "Studies Multiverse",
 "url": "https://studiesmultiverse.com/costs/index/",
 "licence": "CC BY 4.0",
 "cite": "Studies Multiverse Study Abroad Cost Index 2027, https://studiesmultiverse.com/costs/index/ (official figures; exchange rates of 2026-11-13). CC BY 4.0.",
 "currency": "EUR",
 "exchange_rates_date": "2026-11-13",
 "method": "First year = lowest published public-university tuition + 12 months of the official living-cost figure + the student visa fee; high = the upper figures. Each country guide links its official sources.",
 "rows": [
  {
   "country": "Estonia",
   "slug": "estonia",
   "first_year_low_eur": 5300,
   "first_year_high_eur": 21200,
   "tuition_low_eur": 1500,
   "tuition_high_eur": 15000,
   "living_month_low_eur": 300,
   "visa_fee_eur": 225,
   "money_to_show_eur": 10600,
   "work_hours_week": null,
   "post_study_months": 9,
   "post_study_route": "Stay to look for work after graduation",
   "checked": "2026-09-24",
   "guide": "https://studiesmultiverse.com/countries/estonia/",
   "rank": 1
  },
  {
   "country": "Bosnia and Herzegovina",
   "slug": "bosnia-and-herzegovina",
   "first_year_low_eur": 5400,
   "first_year_high_eur": 10700,
   "tuition_low_eur": 1000,
   "tuition_high_eur": 4500,
   "living_month_low_eur": 358,
   "visa_fee_eur": 95,
   "money_to_show_eur": 2500,
   "work_hours_week": null,
   "post_study_months": null,
   "post_study_route": null,
   "checked": "2026-09-26",
   "guide": "https://studiesmultiverse.com/countries/bosnia-and-herzegovina/",
   "rank": 2
  },
  {
   "country": "Türkiye",
   "slug": "turkiye",
   "first_year_low_eur": 5500,
   "first_year_high_eur": 10600,
   "tuition_low_eur": 700,
   "tuition_high_eur": 2200,
   "living_month_low_eur": 400,
   "visa_fee_eur": 17,
   "money_to_show_eur": null,
   "work_hours_week": null,
   "post_study_months": 12,
   "post_study_route": "Short-term residence permit for graduates",
   "checked": "2026-09-24",
   "guide": "https://studiesmultiverse.com/countries/turkiye/",
   "rank": 3
  },
  {
   "country": "Slovakia",
   "slug": "slovakia",
   "first_year_low_eur": 6500,
   "first_year_high_eur": 20600,
   "tuition_low_eur": 500,
   "tuition_high_eur": 12200,
   "living_month_low_eur": 500,
   "visa_fee_eur": 0,
   "money_to_show_eur": 3500,
   "work_hours_week": null,
   "post_study_months": 9,
   "post_study_route": "Nine-month renewal of study residence",
   "checked": "2026-09-24",
   "guide": "https://studiesmultiverse.com/countries/slovakia/",
   "rank": 4
  },
  {
   "country": "Poland",
   "slug": "poland",
   "first_year_low_eur": 7000,
   "first_year_high_eur": 18100,
   "tuition_low_eur": 1500,
   "tuition_high_eur": 6000,
   "living_month_low_eur": 450,
   "visa_fee_eur": 80,
   "money_to_show_eur": 2800,
   "work_hours_week": null,
   "post_study_months": 9,
   "post_study_route": "Graduate residence permit to seek work or start a business",
   "checked": "2026-09-24",
   "guide": "https://studiesmultiverse.com/countries/poland/",
   "rank": 5
  },
  {
   "country": "Taiwan",
   "slug": "taiwan",
   "first_year_low_eur": 8200,
   "first_year_high_eur": 16400,
   "tuition_low_eur": 2800,
   "tuition_high_eur": 3400,
   "living_month_low_eur": 452,
   "visa_fee_eur": 60,
   "money_to_show_eur": null,
   "work_hours_week": 20,
   "post_study_months": 24,
   "post_study_route": "Two-year extension of stay",
   "checked": "2026-09-24",
   "guide": "https://studiesmultiverse.com/countries/taiwan/",
   "rank": 6
  },
  {
   "country": "Croatia",
   "slug": "croatia",
   "first_year_low_eur": 8300,
   "first_year_high_eur": 23700,
   "tuition_low_eur": 1000,
   "tuition_high_eur": 10400,
   "living_month_low_eur": 600,
   "visa_fee_eur": 88,
   "money_to_show_eur": 4300,
   "work_hours_week": 20,
   "post_study_months": 24,
   "post_study_route": "Temporary stay to seek employment or set up a business",
   "checked": "2026-09-24",
   "guide": "https://studiesmultiverse.com/countries/croatia/",
   "rank": 7
  },
  {
   "country": "Portugal",
   "slug": "portugal",
   "first_year_low_eur": 8400,
   "first_year_high_eur": 9600,
   "tuition_low_eur": 3500,
   "tuition_high_eur": 3500,
   "living_month_low_eur": 400,
   "visa_fee_eur": 110,
   "money_to_show_eur": 11000,
   "work_hours_week": null,
   "post_study_months": 12,
   "post_study_route": "Residence permit to look for work or set up a company (Article 122(1)(p))",
   "checked": "2026-09-26",
   "guide": "https://studiesmultiverse.com/countries/portugal/",
   "rank": 8
  },
  {
   "country": "Bulgaria",
   "slug": "bulgaria",
   "first_year_low_eur": 8500,
   "first_year_high_eur": 11200,
   "tuition_low_eur": 3000,
   "tuition_high_eur": 3300,
   "living_month_low_eur": 450,
   "visa_fee_eur": 100,
   "money_to_show_eur": null,
   "work_hours_week": 20,
   "post_study_months": 9,
   "post_study_route": "Stay to seek and start work after finishing education (register with the Employment Agency within 7 business days to use its services)",
   "checked": "2026-09-26",
   "guide": "https://studiesmultiverse.com/countries/bulgaria/",
   "rank": 9
  },
  {
   "country": "Italy",
   "slug": "italy",
   "first_year_low_eur": 8800,
   "first_year_high_eur": 17500,
   "tuition_low_eur": 300,
   "tuition_high_eur": 3000,
   "living_month_low_eur": 700,
   "visa_fee_eur": 50,
   "money_to_show_eur": 10200,
   "work_hours_week": 20,
   "post_study_months": 0,
   "post_study_route": null,
   "checked": "2026-09-24",
   "guide": "https://studiesmultiverse.com/countries/italy/",
   "rank": 10
  },
  {
   "country": "Latvia",
   "slug": "latvia",
   "first_year_low_eur": 8800,
   "first_year_high_eur": 13500,
   "tuition_low_eur": 3300,
   "tuition_high_eur": 5000,
   "living_month_low_eur": 450,
   "visa_fee_eur": 70,
   "money_to_show_eur": 9400,
   "work_hours_week": 20,
   "post_study_months": 4,
   "post_study_route": "Stay after graduation (plus possible 9-month job-search extension for master's graduates)",
   "checked": "2026-09-24",
   "guide": "https://studiesmultiverse.com/countries/latvia/",
   "rank": 11
  },
  {
   "country": "Indonesia",
   "slug": "indonesia",
   "first_year_low_eur": 9300,
   "first_year_high_eur": 14000,
   "tuition_low_eur": 1600,
   "tuition_high_eur": 6400,
   "living_month_low_eur": 613,
   "visa_fee_eur": 297,
   "money_to_show_eur": 1800,
   "work_hours_week": 0,
   "post_study_months": 0,
   "post_study_route": null,
   "checked": "2026-09-24",
   "guide": "https://studiesmultiverse.com/countries/indonesia/",
   "rank": 12
  },
  {
   "country": "Germany",
   "slug": "germany",
   "first_year_low_eur": 9900,
   "first_year_high_eur": 18800,
   "tuition_low_eur": 200,
   "tuition_high_eur": 700,
   "living_month_low_eur": 800,
   "visa_fee_eur": 75,
   "money_to_show_eur": 11900,
   "work_hours_week": 20,
   "post_study_months": 18,
   "post_study_route": "Jobseeker residence permit (section 20 Residence Act)",
   "checked": "2026-09-24",
   "guide": "https://studiesmultiverse.com/countries/germany/",
   "rank": 13
  },
  {
   "country": "Romania",
   "slug": "romania",
   "first_year_low_eur": 9900,
   "first_year_high_eur": 10200,
   "tuition_low_eur": 2400,
   "tuition_high_eur": 2700,
   "living_month_low_eur": 600,
   "visa_fee_eur": 300,
   "money_to_show_eur": 9700,
   "work_hours_week": null,
   "post_study_months": 9,
   "post_study_route": "Extension of study residence to look for work",
   "checked": "2026-09-24",
   "guide": "https://studiesmultiverse.com/countries/romania/",
   "rank": 14
  },
  {
   "country": "Lithuania",
   "slug": "lithuania",
   "first_year_low_eur": 10000,
   "first_year_high_eur": 18700,
   "tuition_low_eur": 4000,
   "tuition_high_eur": 9000,
   "living_month_low_eur": 500,
   "visa_fee_eur": 80,
   "money_to_show_eur": 6900,
   "work_hours_week": 20,
   "post_study_months": 12,
   "post_study_route": "Temporary residence permit to look for work or become self-employed",
   "checked": "2026-09-24",
   "guide": "https://studiesmultiverse.com/countries/lithuania/",
   "rank": 15
  },
  {
   "country": "Spain",
   "slug": "spain",
   "first_year_low_eur": 10000,
   "first_year_high_eur": 25100,
   "tuition_low_eur": 1500,
   "tuition_high_eur": 8200,
   "living_month_low_eur": 700,
   "visa_fee_eur": 80,
   "money_to_show_eur": 7200,
   "work_hours_week": 30,
   "post_study_months": 24,
   "post_study_route": "Residence authorisation to look for work or start a business",
   "checked": "2026-09-24",
   "guide": "https://studiesmultiverse.com/countries/spain/",
   "rank": 16
  },
  {
   "country": "Japan",
   "slug": "japan",
   "first_year_low_eur": 10200,
   "first_year_high_eur": 10800,
   "tuition_low_eur": 3000,
   "tuition_high_eur": 3600,
   "living_month_low_eur": 594,
   "visa_fee_eur": 85,
   "money_to_show_eur": null,
   "work_hours_week": 28,
   "post_study_months": 12,
   "post_study_route": "Designated Activities (job hunting)",
   "checked": "2026-09-24",
   "guide": "https://studiesmultiverse.com/countries/japan/",
   "rank": 17
  },
  {
   "country": "South Korea",
   "slug": "south-korea",
   "first_year_low_eur": 10200,
   "first_year_high_eur": 12200,
   "tuition_low_eur": 4100,
   "tuition_high_eur": 4100,
   "living_month_low_eur": 508,
   "visa_fee_eur": 0,
   "money_to_show_eur": 13500,
   "work_hours_week": 10,
   "post_study_months": 24,
   "post_study_route": "D-10 job-seeker visa",
   "checked": "2026-09-24",
   "guide": "https://studiesmultiverse.com/countries/south-korea/",
   "rank": 18
  },
  {
   "country": "Slovenia",
   "slug": "slovenia",
   "first_year_low_eur": 10500,
   "first_year_high_eur": 23500,
   "tuition_low_eur": 2000,
   "tuition_high_eur": 15000,
   "living_month_low_eur": 700,
   "visa_fee_eur": 102,
   "money_to_show_eur": 6100,
   "work_hours_week": null,
   "post_study_months": 9,
   "post_study_route": "Single permit to seek employment or self-employment",
   "checked": "2026-09-24",
   "guide": "https://studiesmultiverse.com/countries/slovenia/",
   "rank": 19
  },
  {
   "country": "Czechia",
   "slug": "czechia",
   "first_year_low_eur": 10600,
   "first_year_high_eur": 14500,
   "tuition_low_eur": 4500,
   "tuition_high_eur": 5400,
   "living_month_low_eur": 500,
   "visa_fee_eur": 103,
   "money_to_show_eur": 4800,
   "work_hours_week": null,
   "post_study_months": 9,
   "post_study_route": "Long-term residence permit to seek employment or start a business",
   "checked": "2026-09-24",
   "guide": "https://studiesmultiverse.com/countries/czechia/",
   "rank": 20
  },
  {
   "country": "France",
   "slug": "france",
   "first_year_low_eur": 11400,
   "first_year_high_eur": 23200,
   "tuition_low_eur": 2900,
   "tuition_high_eur": 4000,
   "living_month_low_eur": 700,
   "visa_fee_eur": 99,
   "money_to_show_eur": 10500,
   "work_hours_week": 20,
   "post_study_months": 12,
   "post_study_route": "Recherche d'emploi ou creation d'entreprise (APS)",
   "checked": "2026-09-24",
   "guide": "https://studiesmultiverse.com/countries/france/",
   "rank": 21
  },
  {
   "country": "Serbia",
   "slug": "serbia",
   "first_year_low_eur": 12300,
   "first_year_high_eur": 27100,
   "tuition_low_eur": 2000,
   "tuition_high_eur": 3000,
   "living_month_low_eur": 850,
   "visa_fee_eur": 50,
   "money_to_show_eur": null,
   "work_hours_week": 20,
   "post_study_months": null,
   "post_study_route": null,
   "checked": "2026-09-26",
   "guide": "https://studiesmultiverse.com/countries/serbia/",
   "rank": 22
  },
  {
   "country": "Greece",
   "slug": "greece",
   "first_year_low_eur": 13500,
   "first_year_high_eur": 29500,
   "tuition_low_eur": 5000,
   "tuition_high_eur": 15000,
   "living_month_low_eur": 700,
   "visa_fee_eur": 90,
   "money_to_show_eur": 4800,
   "work_hours_week": 20,
   "post_study_months": 12,
   "post_study_route": "Residence permit to look for work or set up a business (Article 119, Law 5038/2023)",
   "checked": "2026-09-24",
   "guide": "https://studiesmultiverse.com/countries/greece/",
   "rank": 23
  },
  {
   "country": "Thailand",
   "slug": "thailand",
   "first_year_low_eur": 15700,
   "first_year_high_eur": 20400,
   "tuition_low_eur": 8000,
   "tuition_high_eur": 10800,
   "living_month_low_eur": 640,
   "visa_fee_eur": 0,
   "money_to_show_eur": null,
   "work_hours_week": 0,
   "post_study_months": 12,
   "post_study_route": "ED Plus one-year stay after graduation",
   "checked": "2026-09-24",
   "guide": "https://studiesmultiverse.com/countries/thailand/",
   "rank": 24
  },
  {
   "country": "Cyprus",
   "slug": "cyprus",
   "first_year_low_eur": 16600,
   "first_year_high_eur": 19000,
   "tuition_low_eur": 6800,
   "tuition_high_eur": 6800,
   "living_month_low_eur": 800,
   "visa_fee_eur": 140,
   "money_to_show_eur": 7000,
   "work_hours_week": 20,
   "post_study_months": 12,
   "post_study_route": "Master's graduate job-search permit",
   "checked": "2026-09-24",
   "guide": "https://studiesmultiverse.com/countries/cyprus/",
   "rank": 25
  },
  {
   "country": "Belgium",
   "slug": "belgium",
   "first_year_low_eur": 17100,
   "first_year_high_eur": 29100,
   "tuition_low_eur": 2300,
   "tuition_high_eur": 7100,
   "living_month_low_eur": 1200,
   "visa_fee_eur": 431,
   "money_to_show_eur": 12700,
   "work_hours_week": 20,
   "post_study_months": 12,
   "post_study_route": "Search year",
   "checked": "2026-09-24",
   "guide": "https://studiesmultiverse.com/countries/belgium/",
   "rank": 26
  },
  {
   "country": "Austria",
   "slug": "austria",
   "first_year_low_eur": 17300,
   "first_year_high_eur": 17300,
   "tuition_low_eur": 1500,
   "tuition_high_eur": 1500,
   "living_month_low_eur": 1300,
   "visa_fee_eur": 218,
   "money_to_show_eur": 8700,
   "work_hours_week": 20,
   "post_study_months": 12,
   "post_study_route": "Student permit renewal to seek work or start a business",
   "checked": "2026-09-24",
   "guide": "https://studiesmultiverse.com/countries/austria/",
   "rank": 27
  },
  {
   "country": "Denmark",
   "slug": "denmark",
   "first_year_low_eur": 18400,
   "first_year_high_eur": 28500,
   "tuition_low_eur": 6000,
   "tuition_high_eur": 16100,
   "living_month_low_eur": 1000,
   "visa_fee_eur": 409,
   "money_to_show_eur": 11900,
   "work_hours_week": 20,
   "post_study_months": 36,
   "post_study_route": "Job-seeking permit",
   "checked": "2026-09-24",
   "guide": "https://studiesmultiverse.com/countries/denmark/",
   "rank": 28
  },
  {
   "country": "Sweden",
   "slug": "sweden",
   "first_year_low_eur": 18800,
   "first_year_high_eur": 24700,
   "tuition_low_eur": 7200,
   "tuition_high_eur": 13100,
   "living_month_low_eur": 955,
   "visa_fee_eur": 135,
   "money_to_show_eur": 11500,
   "work_hours_week": 15,
   "post_study_months": 12,
   "post_study_route": "Residence permit to seek work",
   "checked": "2026-09-24",
   "guide": "https://studiesmultiverse.com/countries/sweden/",
   "rank": 29
  },
  {
   "country": "Luxembourg",
   "slug": "luxembourg",
   "first_year_low_eur": 19100,
   "first_year_high_eur": 19100,
   "tuition_low_eur": 800,
   "tuition_high_eur": 800,
   "living_month_low_eur": 1517,
   "visa_fee_eur": 50,
   "money_to_show_eur": 18700,
   "work_hours_week": 15,
   "post_study_months": 12,
   "post_study_route": "Residence permit for private reasons: job search or business creation (master's graduates and PhD holders only)",
   "checked": "2026-09-26",
   "guide": "https://studiesmultiverse.com/countries/luxembourg/",
   "rank": 30
  },
  {
   "country": "Finland",
   "slug": "finland",
   "first_year_low_eur": 19400,
   "first_year_high_eur": 35000,
   "tuition_low_eur": 8000,
   "tuition_high_eur": 20000,
   "living_month_low_eur": 900,
   "visa_fee_eur": 600,
   "money_to_show_eur": 9600,
   "work_hours_week": 30,
   "post_study_months": 24,
   "post_study_route": "Residence permit to look for work",
   "checked": "2026-09-24",
   "guide": "https://studiesmultiverse.com/countries/finland/",
   "rank": 31
  },
  {
   "country": "Netherlands",
   "slug": "netherlands",
   "first_year_low_eur": 21300,
   "first_year_high_eur": 48300,
   "tuition_low_eur": 9000,
   "tuition_high_eur": 30000,
   "living_month_low_eur": 1000,
   "visa_fee_eur": 254,
   "money_to_show_eur": 13600,
   "work_hours_week": 16,
   "post_study_months": 12,
   "post_study_route": "Orientation year (zoekjaar)",
   "checked": "2026-09-24",
   "guide": "https://studiesmultiverse.com/countries/netherlands/",
   "rank": 32
  },
  {
   "country": "Singapore",
   "slug": "singapore",
   "first_year_low_eur": 22100,
   "first_year_high_eur": 39400,
   "tuition_low_eur": 15000,
   "tuition_high_eur": 27900,
   "living_month_low_eur": 585,
   "visa_fee_eur": 74,
   "money_to_show_eur": null,
   "work_hours_week": 16,
   "post_study_months": 12,
   "post_study_route": "Long-Term Visit Pass for graduates",
   "checked": "2026-09-24",
   "guide": "https://studiesmultiverse.com/countries/singapore/",
   "rank": 33
  },
  {
   "country": "Iceland",
   "slug": "iceland",
   "first_year_low_eur": 23000,
   "first_year_high_eur": 23000,
   "tuition_low_eur": 700,
   "tuition_high_eur": 700,
   "living_month_low_eur": 1812,
   "visa_fee_eur": 512,
   "money_to_show_eur": 22800,
   "work_hours_week": null,
   "post_study_months": 18,
   "post_study_route": "Residence permit to seek employment after graduation (bachelor's, master's or doctoral degree from an Icelandic university)",
   "checked": "2026-09-26",
   "guide": "https://studiesmultiverse.com/countries/iceland/",
   "rank": 34
  },
  {
   "country": "Norway",
   "slug": "norway",
   "first_year_low_eur": 23800,
   "first_year_high_eur": 37500,
   "tuition_low_eur": 5700,
   "tuition_high_eur": 19400,
   "living_month_low_eur": 1465,
   "visa_fee_eur": 511,
   "money_to_show_eur": 16100,
   "work_hours_week": 20,
   "post_study_months": 12,
   "post_study_route": "Residence permit as a job seeker",
   "checked": "2026-09-24",
   "guide": "https://studiesmultiverse.com/countries/norway/",
   "rank": 35
  },
  {
   "country": "Canada",
   "slug": "canada",
   "first_year_low_eur": 25200,
   "first_year_high_eur": 47900,
   "tuition_low_eur": 15200,
   "tuition_high_eur": 26500,
   "living_month_low_eur": 824,
   "visa_fee_eur": 95,
   "money_to_show_eur": 14900,
   "work_hours_week": 24,
   "post_study_months": 36,
   "post_study_route": "Post-Graduation Work Permit (PGWP)",
   "checked": "2026-09-24",
   "guide": "https://studiesmultiverse.com/countries/canada/",
   "rank": 36
  },
  {
   "country": "Switzerland",
   "slug": "switzerland",
   "first_year_low_eur": 29100,
   "first_year_high_eur": 32000,
   "tuition_low_eur": 1800,
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